Roofing



April 5,1921

^- E. FQMOONE ROOFING Filed July lO, 1926 2 Sheets She t l i' PatentedApr. 5, 1927.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALBERT E. F. MOONE. or CHICAGO, ILLTNoIsQAssIGNOR To THE LEHON COMPANY,

OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A lCORPORATION OE ILLINOIS.

ROOFING.

application filed July lo,

The invention relates to what is known in the trade as prepared roofingwhich usually consists of a foundation sheet ot fibrous .charactercommonly called felt, which sheet is impregnated with a waterproofcomposition and, in many instances, has applied to one sideacoating ofadhesive asphalt ill which a layer ot grit is embedded. This material isso flexible that very little force is required to bend it. Consequently,when laid upon a roof in overlapping courses the weather portions arelikely to be lifted by the elements, permitting rain, snow, or the liketo enter between the courses and hence through the roof.-

A great variety of expedien'ts have been proposedalnd tried in alleffort to secure the overlapping weather portions against being raised.Some have provided an extra length of material and bent jthe excess toform a tab underneath they lower margin of the weatller portion, whichtab was nailed to the roof deck. It happens, however, that preparedrooting cannot be bent while in a relatively cold condition withoutseriously weakening it along the line of the'bend. As a result,proposals based upon this expedient have not been very satisfactorybecause the connection between the weather portion and the tab failed insuch a large' percentage of instances as to render the fasteningunreliable.

A number of metallic fasteners for use in connection with such tabs havealso been proposed, and used to some extent, but they do not entirelyovercome the defects and they greatly increase the cost of the roof. Theprincipal objectot this invention is to overcome these defects oftheprior art, which is accomplished in the preferred embodiment byproviding the weather portions .of the roofing, whether in shinglestrips, separate shingles, or otherwise, with separately formed hingeshaving one element or leaf firmly attached to the weather portion adv'jacent tol its lower edge, and another element or leaf pivoted to thefirst, and adapted to be nailed to the deck' in a position below theweather portion. This construction not only 60 resi lts in an efficientand durable fastening for the roof, but assists greatly in locatingseparate shingles or shingle strips during the operation of laying theroof.

Several embodiments of the invention are in which- 1926. serial No.121,643.

illustrated in the accompanying drawings 55 Fig. 1 is a plan view of asection of a roof formed of a plurality of roofing strips equipped withhinges according to the invention andlaid inoverlapping' relation 60upon a roofing deck;

Fig. 2is a sectional view takenf'on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a of one of the shingle strips;

. Fig-'.4 is' a lplan view of one of the hinges and the head of aroofing nail;

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of one of the hinges indicating by solidand dotted lines the manner of fastening the hinge to the portionrooting;

. Fig. 6 is a sectional View through a roof at one of thehinges;

Figs. 7 8 and 9 are views similar to Fig.

1, illustrating the invention applied 'to roof- 75 ing ofdifierentshapes.

fThe roof shown in Figs. 1 and 2 includes a suitable deck 10 and aplllrality of shingle strips of the form shown in Fig. 3 laid inOverlapping courses. Each strip includes a body portion 11 and aplurality of rectangular tabs 12 projecting from one side of the bodyportion and separated by narrow rectangular slots 13. The tabs 12 aresubstantially commensurate with the weather pOrtion of the strips and.overlap the body portion of eachlower course. Adjacent to its lower edgeand at about the middle of its width each tab is equipped with a hinge14.

In the preferred form shown this hinge lincludes two loops of wire, Aand B, Fig. 5.

The interlnediate portion 15 of the loop B is substantially straight andthe arms 16 and 17 join it at right angles. Between their ends thesearms are bent, as indicated at 18,

`and-the portions 19 are first inserted through the tabs from the lowerside, then bent'from the solid line position to the dotted line positionin Fig. 5. and embedded in the upper or weather surface of the tabs, asshown in 100 Fig. 6.

The intermediate portion 20 of the loop A is rounded to forman eye toreceive the shank of a'roong nail 21 (Fig. 6) and be overlapped .bv thehead 22, as shown in Figs. 4 and 6. The arms 23 of the loop Aare woundaround the ben`d 15, as shown at 24, to form .a llingeconnection betweenthe two hinge 40 is secured loops which thus become the leaves or buttsof the hinge.

Such hinges may he readily made and applied to the tabs by automaticmachinery.

lIn laying such a roof a starting strip 25, (Fig. 2), is first placedonthe deck adjacent to the eve 26. The strips of the first course areheldbottom side up below the eves while the eyes 20'of the hinges arenailed to the deck close to the eves after which the strips are thrownupwardly and -over to normal postion.

Each succeeding course is laid uponthe course' below with the weatherside of the strip down andl thenormally upper edge at the lower side andwith the hinges 14 aligned with the upper edges 27 of the 'slots 13. Asingle nail is inserted through each loop 20, the body portion of thestrip below and into the deck. The shingle strip is then in the positionindicated at C in Fig. 2. lt is then thrown upwardly and over to normalposition with the tabs below and the body of the strip above.

It will thus be seen that afsingle nail serves to secure the bodyportionl of a strip in a lowercourse and through a hinge also secure atab of the course above. 'The hinges y form convenient markers forlocating the strips in the initial position of .the laying operation andno -particular care is necessary in turning the strips from that ositionto their final position on the roo The comb of the roof may be finishedwith a cap in the usual manner.'

The roofl shown in Fig. 7 is similar to that shown in Figs. 1 and 2,except that the tabs 28 have three sides 29, 30 and 31, arranged atangles corresponding to adjacent sides of a hexagon, and are spacedapart by comple-- mental slots 32 whereby the.roof is given ltheappearance of being made of hexagonal elements. The hinges 33 aresecured to the lower margins of the tabs at about the middle of theirwidth-and function much the same as in the form shown in Figs. 1 and 2..

The roof shown in Fig. 8 is similar to the .others described, but inthis instance the tabs' 34 have two inclined sides 35 connected by ashort side 36 to which the hinge 37 is secured. v.

The roof shown in Fig-9 is made up of individual square shinglesl 38laid with-one diagonal extendin up the roof and theother extendingparalle to the eves. The lower corner is cut away as indicated at 39 andthe adjacent to the edge thus formed. In this construction the nail 41;by which the hinge is secured to the deck, holds the lower corner of oneshingle and the uper corner of a shingle in the second course low, whilethe lower inclined ed es 42 of each shingle. overlaps and hol-ds t eupper inclined edges 43 ofy two adjacent shingles in the next coursebelow.

In laying this type of roof each shingley vplacing the pieces of roofingand serves to firmly hold the weather portions down against the actionof the elements. There is no strain put upon the roofing such as occursin bending a tab, nor is any' particular care required in throwing thepieces ot roofing from their initial to their final position.

I claim:

l. A roof comprising a deck' and a plurality of overlapping courses offiexible roofing material, each course including a lower exposed weatherportion overlapping an upper portion of a course below, and a separatelyformed hinge secured to the weather portion adjacent to the lower edgethereof and to the roof below the weather portion.

2. A roof comprising a deck and a plurality of overlapping courses ofex'ible roofing material, each course including a lower exposed Weatherportion overlapping "an upper portion of a course below, and

a fastener including a member secured to the weather portion adjacent toits lower edge, and a member pivoted to the rst member and nailed to theroof beneath the weather portion.

3. A rootcomprising a deck and a plurality of overlapping courses offlexible roofing material, each course including a lower exposed weatherportion overlapping an upper portion of a course below, and means forfastening the courses including a separate hinge having two leaves, onesecured to the weather portion of each course and the other lyingbeneath the weather portion and nailed to the deck.

4. A roof comprising a deck and a plurality of overlapping courses offlexible roofing material, each course including a lower exposed-weatherportion overlappn an upper portion of a course below, an means forfastening the courses including a loop of wirenailed to the deck belowthe weather portion and. a second loop of wire pivotally engaged withthe first loop and secured to the weather portion adjacent to its loweredge.

5. A roof comprising a deck and a plu- -cured to the lmargin of tbeWeather portion be laid upon a deck in overlapping courses, and aseparately formed hinge secured adjacent to one edge of the roof andhaving a pivoted portion adapted to be folded against one side of therooting.

7 Flexible prepared roofing adapted to be laid upon a deck inoverlapping courses, and a separately formed hinge comprising a loopsecured to the roofing adjacent to one edge and the second loop havingits ends pivoted on the i'irst loop.

8. Flexible prepared roofing adapted to be laid upon a deck inoverlapping courses, and a separately formed hinge comprising a lonphaving its end portions inserted through the roofing from one side andeinbedded iii the rooting on the other side, and a second loop havingits end portions wound about the intermediate partof the first loop toform a hinge connection.

9. A roof comprising a deck and acovering of flexible' prepared roofingin overlapping strips, each strip including a. body portion and aplurality of spaced tabs pro jecting j from one side to simulate theappearance of separate shingles, and a hinge secured to each tab nearthe middle and adjacent to its lower edge, and means beneath each tabfor securing the hinge to the deck.

10. Flexible prepared roofing in strip form, each strip including labody portion, and a. plurality of spaced tabs projecting from one sideto simulate the appearance of separate shingles when a plurality ofstrips are laid in overlapping courses, and a hinge secured to each tabnear the iniddle and adjacent to its lower edge.

11. A roofing comprising a deck and a covering of flexible preparedroofing in overlapping strips, each strip including a body portion and aplurality of rectangular tabs spaced apart by narrow slits andprojecting from one side of the bod to simulate the appearance ofshingles, anl ka hinge having one leaf secured to each tab nearthemiddle and adjacent to its lower edge and another leaf secured to thestrip below and adjacent to a spacing slit therein.

In testimony whereof- I affix my signature.

ALBERT E. F. MOONE.

body of the

